Si tratta di finanziamenti, non regalie.
Non è lo sponsor che regala dei soldi in cambio di pubblicità, nè il donatore senza nessun ritorno.
Si tratta di dare soldi in cambio di partecipazione agli utili o di altri benefici commerciali.
In Italia la nozione invece si avvicina alla donazione, così infatti sono tanti progetti sponsorizzati da banche per la raccolta fondi. Senza ritorno dell'investimento.
Un buon esempio e' produzioni dal basso:
"In fase di caricamento del Progetto, il Progettista deve scegliere uno dei seguenti modelli di crowdfunding:
- MODELLO TUTTO O NIENTE
- MODELLO RACCOGLI TUTTO
- MODELLO DONAZIONE SEMPLICE
- MODELLO DONAZIONE RICORRENTE
"Nella modalità TUTTO O NIENTE viene indicato un budget ed un timing, i fondi si raccolgono tramite una prenotazione con il sistema di pagamento (PAYPAL o LEMON WAY CARTE) ma solo alla fine della raccolta e solo se viene raggiunto o superato il 100% del budget richiesto, i fondi vengono effettivamente prelevati dagli account dei sostenitori"
Le ricompense sono simboliche, minime o morali.
In ambito Europe ? Spazio per i soldi di tutti. Ho un'idea e raccoglie fiducia ? Puoi promettere risultati anche economici.
"with a single set of basic rules - the new regulation - instead of different rules in each country. The accompanying directive aims to broaden access to finance for small companies"
Si tratta di un regolamento con regole uniche, in applicazione 1 un anno dopo la pubblicazione in gazzetta, novembre 2021 probabilmente. Ma anche di una direttiva per le piccole aziende, direttiva che ahimè dovrà essere adottata nazione per nazione.
I testi:
- Regolamento 2018/0048(COD) - European crowdfunding service providers (ECSP) for business
- Direttiva 2018/0047(COD) Markets in financial instruments: crowdfunding service providers
Regolamento
Vediamo la definizione del 2018:
EN20EN(d)crowdfunding offers with a consideration of more than EUR 1 000 000 per crowdfunding offer, which shall be calculated over a period of 12 months with in regard to a particular crowdfunding project.
Article 3Definitions1.For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:
(a)‘crowdfunding service’ means the matching of business funding interest of investors and project owners through the use of a crowdfunding platform and whichconsist of any of the following:
(i)the facilitation of granting of loans;
(ii)the placing without firm commitment, as referred to in point 7 of Section A of Annex I to Directive 2014/65/EU, of transferable securities issued by project owners and the reception and transmission of client orders, as referred to in point 1 of Section A to Annex I to Directive 2014/65, with regard to those transferable securities;
(b)‘crowdfunding platform’ means an electronic information system operated or managed by a crowdfunding service provider;
(c)‘crowdfunding service provider’ means a legal person who provides crowdfunding services and has been authorised for that purpose by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) in accordance with Article11 of this Regulation;
(d)‘crowdfunding offer’ means any communication by crowdfunding service providers that contains information which enables prospective investors to decide on the merits of entering into a crowdfunding transaction;
(e)‘client’ means any prospective or actual investor or project owner to whom a crowdfunding service provider provides or may provide crowdfunding services;
(f)‘project owner’ means any person that seeks to fund its crowdfunding project through a crowdfunding platform;
(g)‘investor’ means any person that, through a crowdfunding platform, grants loans or acquires transferable securities;
(h)‘crowdfunding project’ means the business activity or activities that a project owner funds or seeks to fund through the crowdfunding offer;
(i)‘transferable securities’ means transferable securities as defined in Article4(1)(44) of Directive2014/65/EU;
(j)‘marketing communications’ means any information or communication from a crowdfunding service provider to a prospective investor or prospective project owner about the services of the crowdfunding service provider, other than investor disclosures required under this Regulation;
(k)‘durable medium’ means an instrument which enables the storage of information in a way that is accessible for future reference and for a period of time adequate for the purposes of the information and which allows for the unchanged reproduction of the information stored;
EN21EN(l)‘special purpose vehicle’ or ‘SPV’ means entities whose sole purpose is to carry on a securitisation within the meaning of Article 1(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1075/2013 of the European Central Bank 15.
2.The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article38 to specify further technical elements of the definitions laid down in paragraph 1 to take into account market developments, technological developments and experience in the operation of crowdfunding platforms and provision of crowdfunding service