Civile.it
Civile.it
Video. In televisione, sul cellulare, nelle strade, nei fogli di carta (in attesa dell'epaper). E su internet.
Prima erano gif animate, poi flash, poi realvideo, poi windowsmedia. Embedded, shared, hosted, live,on demand ...
Dei video si sa quasi tutto tecnicamente. Ma non si parla mai dei diritti.
Due parole, proprio due, in materia.
PRIMA PAROLA: AUTORI !
Chi e' fa qualcosa (non chi ha l'idea, chi la realizza) e' autore del qualcosa. Se bene immateriale (musica, video, testo) sono diritti d'autore.
I diritti d'autore sono di due tipi: disponibili e indisponibili.
L'autore ha sempre e comunque diritto di essere riconosciuto come tale, non puo' rinunciarvi. E' vero comunque che se una persona incarica un dipendente, l'autore e' chi incarica. Se e' qualcuno esterno alla
propria organizzazione, dovrà riconoscergli quello che e' chiamato diritto di paternità.
Poi ci sono i diritti disponibili: di sfruttamento commerciale (vendita o uso, uso esclusivo o non esclusivo), distribuzione, traduzione, adattamento.
Per legge sono disponibili solo tramite forma scritta. E con questo si fa piazza pulita di quanto si fa normalmente su internet.
SECONDA PAROLA: DIRITTI !
La normativa sul diritto d'autore e' molto simile in tanti paesi, al punto da consentire a CreativeCommons di realizzare delle licenze trasportate in ogni nazione. Sono licenze internet, non scritte su carta, ma sono accettate da tutti. E' un fatto.
Quando mettiamo un video su Youtube si inizia una partita di diritti. Il video e' nostro ? Abbiamo il diritto di distribuirlo ? Per quale finalità ?
RESPONSABILITA'
Il fine della distribuzione di un video, il motivo per il quale tutti noi ci divertiamo sul videoweb, e' qualcosa che interessa poco le leggi, anche se interessa molto noi. Dobbiamo esserne gli autori.
I servizi on line (guardiamo solo youtube e blip per non essere troppo pesanti), prendono posizione.
Prima di tutto, come in un forum, il singolo risponde del contenuto. Deve essere suo. Gli editori non sono molto d'accordo, ma civilmente e penalmente gli interpreti, a maggioranza, condividono l'impostazione della responsabilità personale.
Quindi se mettete un video porno, copiato, o diffamate qualcuno, siete voi responsabili. YouTube e Blip.tv sono uguali sul punto.
QUALI DIRITTI PER I VIDEO UPLOADATI ?
Li determina il gestore del servizio che scegliamo di usare. Lui propone delle condizioni, noi usando quei servizi le accettiamo. Se ci sono clausole vessatorie, il giudice potrà annullarle, nel frattempo le condizioni sono quelle che indicano loro.
Se metto un video su youtube, per esempio, non posso farlo a scopo commerciale. Lo dicono loro, anche se poi segnalano video commerciali (e questo rileva moltissimo davanti ad un giudice per disapplicare la regola). Con Blip.Tv posso scegliere la licenza tra quelle creative commons, decidendo io se concedere l'uso commerciale o meno.
USO COMMERCIALE SI' O NO ? QUALE SERVIZI SCELGO ?
Youtube ha delle caratteristiche meravigliose, sotto il profilo tecnico. La possibilità di playlist, milioni di giornalisti affamati di scoop da segnalare, webcam per registrazioni senza software ... Ma vieta lo scopo commerciale. Blip lo consente, se l'autore lo vuole consentire. Già questo e' decisivo nella scelta.
Ma cos'e' l'uso commerciale ?
USO COMMERCIALE, QUESTO SCONOSCIUTO ... ?
Uso commerciale e' a scopo di commercio. Per venderlo o sfruttarlo economicamente. Cosi' la normativa penale tutela la copia di software ad uso commerciale.
Ma il guadagno indiretto, tramite pubblicità, e' uso commerciale, cioe' uso all'interno di una attività commerciale ? Potrebbe.
In questi casi la licenza di YouTube non aiuta. Non e' definito l'uso commerciale se non come antitesi all'uso personale, cosa che rende la definizione di uso commerciale molto ampia, e cioe' tutto quello che non e' personale. Quindi anche il guadagno indiretto. E' una tesi non ufficiale, ma possibile. Discutibile, ma possibile.
ALLORA COSA SCELGO ?
In questi mesi si parla sempre piu' di servizi di video on line. Ma ricordate quando si faceva tutto con appositi software, senza coinvolgere il web ? I produttori di software espressamente concedevano il software, ma no si prendevano i diritti su quanto realizzato. Diverso nello sviluppo di software, i programmi espressamente affermavano che non vi erano ulteriori licenze per la distribuzione dei programmi compilati.
Oggi i servizi on line sono gratuiti, ma si prendono in cambio il diritto di distribuire (per forza ...) i contenuti e usarli anche commercialmente (v. licenza youtube, e contra la licenza blip), anche lasciando l'autore come tale e titolare dei diritti. Si prendono l'uso non esclusivo, cosi' che l'autore puo' fare tutto, ma anche il servizio on line.
Con l'avvento dei telefonini si cambiano persino i formati: e Youtube si sta adeguando per distribuire contenuti anche a mezzo umts.
Ergo ?
Youtube e' un ottimo amplificatore. Quello che avviene su youtube e' a disposizione del mondo. Veramente. Puo' essere utile usarlo, ma attenzione a quei servizi che si fondano esclusivamente su youtube, anche per importare i contenuti. Dovrebbero rispettare la licenza Youtube.
Blip.tv consente qualcosa in piu'. La scelta delle licenze e' una opportunità non sfuggita a Lessig che, con i suoi creative commons, ha sollevato un dibattito mondiale di reale grande interesse.
MA NON FINISCE QUI ...
Strumenti sempre piu' sofisticati sono a disposizione. Penso a Ustream, dove si puo' impostare una password sull'accesso ai contenuti, a Operator11, che consente di far intervenire altre webcam (senza l'autorizzazione scritta anche ai fini privacy), Mogulus, che prende i contenuti da Youtube, e tanti altri.
Ognuno di questi regola la gestione dei contenuti sia con strumenti informatici che giuridici. I primi li guardiamo tutti, i secondi ... ci fidiamo.
Perche' il web e' ancora pulito, nonostante i critici.
Spataro
++Link ai siti citati:
www.blip.tv
www.youtube.com
www.ustream.tv
www.operator11.com
www.mogulus.com
++In allegato estratti dalla licenze citate.
da YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/t/terms
4. Intellectual Property Rights
The content on the YouTube Website, except all User Submissions (as defined below), including without limitation, the text, software, scripts, graphics, photos, sounds, music, videos, interactive features and the like ("Content") and the trademarks, service marks and logos contained therein ("Marks"), are owned by or licensed to YouTube, subject to copyright and other intellectual property rights under United States and foreign laws and international conventions. Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only and may not be used, copied, reproduced, distributed, transmitted, broadcast, displayed, sold, licensed, or otherwise exploited for any other purposes whatsoever without the prior written consent of the respective owners. YouTube reserves all rights not expressly granted in and to the Website and the Content. You agree to not engage in the use, copying, or distribution of any of the Content other than expressly permitted herein, including any use, copying, ordistribution of User Submissions of third parties obtained through the Website for any commercial purposes. If you download or print a copy of the Content for personal use, you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained therein. You agree not to circumvent, disable or otherwise interfere with security related features of the YouTube Website or features that prevent or restrict use or copying of any Content or enforce limitations on use of the YouTube Website or the Content therein.
5. User Submissions
B. ...
For clarity, you retain all of your ownership rights in your User Submissions. However, by submitting the User Submissions to YouTube, you hereby grant YouTube a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, sublicenseable and transferable license to use, reproduce, distribute, prepare derivative works of, display, and perform the User Submissions in connection with the YouTube Website and YouTube's (and its successor's) business, including without limitation for promoting and redistributing part or all of the YouTube Website (and derivative works thereof) in any media formats and through any media channels. You also hereby grant each user of the YouTube Website a non-exclusive license to access your User Submissions through the Website, and to use, reproduce, distribute, prepare derivative works of, display and perform such User Submissions as permitted through the functionality of the Website and under these Terms of Service. The foregoing license granted by you terminates once you remove or delete a User Submission from the YouTube Website.
F. YouTube permits you to link to materials on the Website for personal, non-commercial purposes only. In addition, YouTube provides an "Embeddable Player" feature, which you may incorporate into your own personal, non-commercial websites for use in accessing the materials on the Website, provided that you include a prominent link back to the YouTube website on the pages containing the Embeddable Player. YouTube reserves the right to discontinue any aspect of the YouTube Website at any time.
Da Blip.tv: http://www.blip.tv/tos/
GRANT OF LICENSE
When you upload or post content to Blip.tv, that content become public content and will be searchable by and available to anyone who visits the Blip.tv site. Blip.tv does not claim ownership of the materials you post, upload, input or submit to the Blip.tv site. However, by posting, uploading, inputting, providing or submitting your content to Blip.tv, you are granting Blip.tv, its affiliated companies and partners, a worldwide, irrevocable, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license to use, reproduce, create derivative works of, distribute, publicly perform, publicly display, transfer, transmit, distribute and publish that content for the purposes of displaying that content on Blip.tv or for any other non-commercial use of that content.
In addition, when you upload or post content to the Blip.tv site, you grant Blip.tv a license to distribute that content, either electronically or via other media, to users seeking to download it through the Blip.tv site or for purposes of other services provided by Blip.tv and to display such content on Blip.tv affiliated sites. This license shall apply to the distribution and the storage of your content in any form, medium, or technology now known or later developed.
By posting, uploading, inputting, providing or submitting your content, you warrant and represent that you own or otherwise control all of the rights to your content, including without limitation, all the rights necessary for you to provide, post, upload, input or submit the content and for Blip.tv to post, upload, cross-post, or cross-upload the content.
You may remove content you have posted on Blip.tv at any time. When you delete content from Blip.tv, such deleted content, while not available to the viewing public and other Blip.tv users, will remain on the Blip.tv server until such time as you make a specific request to Blip.tv for permanent deletion of such content from the Blip.tv server. Such requests must be made in writing, via email, to Blip.tv customer service at the following address: support@blip.tv. When you do remove your content, the license described above will automatically expire....
COPYRIGHT AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The content on the Blip.tv site, including without limitation, the text, software, graphics, photos, and videos, is owned by or licensed to Blip.tv, subject to copyright and other intellectual property rights under United States Copyright Act and trademark laws, foreign laws, and international conventions. Blip.tv reserves all rights not expressly granted in and to the website and said content. Other than as expressly permitted, you may not engage in the unauthorized use, copying, or distribution of any of said content.
All copyright, trademarks, service marks and other intellectual property rights in this site (including the design, arrangement, and look and feel) and all material or content supplied as part of the site, other than user-generated content, shall remain at all times the property of Blip.tv, its affiliates, associated companies, and/or licensors.
The names, images and logos identifying Blip.tv are proprietary marks of Blip.tv, its associated companies and/or affiliates. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication, estoppel or otherwise any license or right under any trademark or service mark of Blip.tv, its associated companies and affiliates, or any third party unless expressly stated otherwise.
In accessing the Blip.tv site, you agree that you do so only for your own personal, non-commercial use. Unless otherwise stated, you may not distribute, transmit, broadcast, commercially exploit or modify in any way the sites material or content or permit or assist any third party to do the same.
You shall be solely responsible for your own user-generated content and the consequences of posting or publishing said content. In connection with all content that you upload to Blip.tv, you affirm, represent and/or warrant to Blip.tv and its third-party syndication, content and advertising partners that: (i) you own, or have the necessary licenses, rights, consents, and permissions to use and authorize Blip.tv to use, all patent, trademark, trade secret, copyright or other proprietary rights in and to said content; and (ii) you have the written consent, release, and/or permission of each and every identifiable individual person in any uploaded video to use the name or likeness of each and every such identifiable individual person in the manner contemplated by the website and these Terms of Use.
In addition to posting your own content on Blip.tv, you can also enjoy the many videos uploaded by others in the Blip.tv community. The Blip.tv site includes a combination of content that we license from third party partners and content that is created and posted by our users. All of the content on the Blip.tv site is protected by our copyrights, the copyrights of our partners and/or the copyrights of the user who posted such materials. Materials uploaded to Blip.tv may be subject to posted limitations on usage, reproduction and/or dissemination. You are responsible for adhering to such limitations if you download the materials.
All user-generated content will be uploaded onto the site under a Creative Commons License (see http://www.creativecommons.org/) or on an all rights reserved basis. You agree to be bound by the terms of each license. As a creator of user-generated content or as a passive user of the Blip.tv site, you may not modify, publish, transmit, participate in the transfer or sale of, reproduce, create derivative works of, distribute, publicly perform, publicly display, or in any way exploit any of the content on the Blip.tv site in whole or in part outside of the specific usage rights granted to you by each license. If you download or print a copy of any Blip.tv content or user-generated content for personal use, you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained therein. You may not otherwise use, reproduce, display, publicly perform, or distribute such content in any way for any public or commercial purpose unless such use is expressly granted by a particular license.
If you believe that any of your intellectual property rights have been violated (e.g., your copyright or trademark infringed) by material available on the Blip.tv, you will need to provide, at a minimum, the following information immediately:
- The nature of your complaint and an exact description of where the material about which you complain is located within the site;
- In the case of a copyright/trademark dispute, identification of the copyrighted/trademarked work that you claim has been infringed and a statement by you that you have a good-faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright/trademark owner, its agent, or the law;
- Your name, address, telephone number, and email address;
- A statement by you that the above information is accurate and, in the case of a copyright/trademark dispute, that you are the owner of the copyright/trademark involved or are authorized to act on behalf of that owner; and
- Your electronic or physical signature.
It is our policy to respond to notices of alleged infringement that comply with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. For directions and more information on our copyright policy and procedure for reporting alleged copyright infringement, please click here.
Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved.
